System and Method for Collection and Analysis of Endpoint Forensic and Event Data

ABSTRACT

A system for collection and analysis of forensic and event data comprising a server and an endpoint agent operating on a remote system. The server is configured to receive event data including process creation data, persistent process data, thread injection data, network connection data, memory pattern data, or any combination thereof, and analyze the event data to detect compromises of a remote system. The endpoint agent is configured to acquire event data, and communicate the event data to the server.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 62/297,612, filed on Feb. 19, 2016 and to U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 62/311,791, filed on Mar. 22, 2016.

Related subject matter is contained in co-pending U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/______ (DC-108321) entitled “System and Methodfor Collection of Forensic and Event Data,” filed of even date herewith,the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Related subject matter is contained in co-pending U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/______ (DC-108322) entitled “System and Methodfor Detecting and Monitoring Network Communication,” filed of even dateherewith, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Related subject matter is contained in co-pending U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/______ (DC-108323) entitled “System and Methodfor Detecting and Monitoring Process Creation,” filed of even dateherewith, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Related subject matter is contained in co-pending U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/______ (DC-108324) entitled “System and Methodfor Detecting and Monitoring Thread Creation,” filed of even dateherewith, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Related subject matter is contained in co-pending U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/______ (DC-108325) entitled “System and Methodfor Detecting and Monitoring Persistent Events,” filed of even dateherewith, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure generally relates to information handlingsystems, and more particularly relates to systems and methods forcollection and analysis of endpoint forensic and security event data.

BACKGROUND

As the value and use of information continues to increase, individualsand businesses seek additional ways to process and store information.One option is an information handling system. An information handlingsystem generally processes, compiles, stores, or communicatesinformation or data for business, personal, or other purposes.Technology and information handling needs and requirements can varybetween different applications. Thus information handling systems canalso vary regarding what information is handled, how the information ishandled, how much information is processed, stored, or communicated, andhow quickly and efficiently the information can be processed, stored, orcommunicated. The variations in information handling systems allowinformation handling systems to be general or configured for a specificuser or specific use such as financial transaction processing, airlinereservations, enterprise data storage, or global communications. Inaddition, information handling systems can include a variety of hardwareand software resources that can be configured to process, store, andcommunicate information and can include one or more computer systems,graphics interface systems, data storage systems, networking systems,and mobile communication systems. Information handling systems can alsoimplement various virtualized architectures. Data and voicecommunications among information handling systems may be via networksthat are wired, wireless, or some combination.

SUMMARY

A system for collection and analysis of forensic and event datacomprising a server and an endpoint agent operating on a remote system.The server is configured to receive event data including processcreation data, persistent process data, thread injection data, networkconnection data, memory pattern data, or any combination thereof, andanalyze the event data to detect compromises of a remote system. Theendpoint agent is configured to acquire event data, and communicate theevent data to the server.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

It will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration,elements illustrated in the Figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.For example, the dimensions of some elements may be exaggerated relativeto other elements. Embodiments incorporating teachings of the presentdisclosure are shown and described with respect to the drawings herein,in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an information handling systemaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a system for collection andanalysis endpoint forensic and event data, in accordance with variousembodiments;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a endpoint component forcollection of forensic and event data, in accordance with variousembodiments;

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for monitoring processcreation events, in accordance with various embodiments;

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for monitoring persistentprograms, in accordance with various embodiments;

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for monitoring remotethread injection events, in accordance with various embodiments;

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for monitoring networkconnections, in accordance with various embodiments;

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for inspecting anendpoint for forensic and event data, in accordance with variousembodiments;

FIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for communicationendpoint forensic and event data to a cloud service, in accordance withvarious embodiments;

FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a cloud service for analysis ofendpoint forensic and event data, in accordance with variousembodiments; and

FIG. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for receiving forensicand event data and controlling an endpoint agent, in accordance withvarious embodiments; and

FIG. 12 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for monitoring eventlogs, in accordance with various embodiments.

The use of the same reference symbols in different drawings indicatessimilar or identical items.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The following description in combination with the Figures is provided toassist in understanding the teachings disclosed herein. The descriptionis focused on specific implementations and embodiments of the teachings,and is provided to assist in describing the teachings. This focus shouldnot be interpreted as a limitation on the scope or applicability of theteachings.

FIG. 1 illustrates a generalized embodiment of information handlingsystem 100. For purpose of this disclosure information handling system100 can include any instrumentality or aggregate of instrumentalitiesoperable to compute, classify, process, transmit, receive, retrieve,originate, switch, store, display, manifest, detect, record, reproduce,handle, or utilize any form of information, intelligence, or data forbusiness, scientific, control, entertainment, or other purposes. Forexample, information handling system 100 can be a personal computer, alaptop computer, a smart phone, a tablet device or other consumerelectronic device, a network server, a network storage device, a switchrouter or other network communication device, or any other suitabledevice and may vary in size, shape, performance, functionality, andprice. Further, information handling system 100 can include processingresources for executing machine-executable code, such as a centralprocessing unit (CPU), a programmable logic array (PLA), an embeddeddevice such as a System-on-a-Chip (SoC), or other control logichardware. Information handling system 100 can also include one or morecomputer-readable medium for storing machine-executable code, such assoftware or data. Additional components of information handling system100 can include one or more storage devices that can storemachine-executable code, one or more communications ports forcommunicating with external devices, and various input and output (I/O)devices, such as a keyboard, a mouse, and a video display. Informationhandling system 100 can also include one or more buses operable totransmit information between the various hardware components.

Information handling system 100 can include devices or modules thatembody one or more of the devices or modules described above, andoperates to perform one or more of the methods described above.Information handling system 100 includes a processors 102 and 104, achipset 110, a memory 120, a graphics interface 130, include a basicinput and output system/extensible firmware interface (BIOS/EFI) module140, a disk controller 150, a disk emulator 160, an input/output (I/O)interface 170, and a network interface 180. Processor 102 is connectedto chipset 110 via processor interface 106, and processor 104 isconnected to chipset 110 via processor interface 108. Memory 120 isconnected to chipset 110 via a memory bus 122. Graphics interface 130 isconnected to chipset 110 via a graphics interface 132, and provides avideo display output 136 to a video display 134. In a particularembodiment, information handling system 100 includes separate memoriesthat are dedicated to each of processors 102 and 104 via separate memoryinterfaces. An example of memory 120 includes random access memory (RAM)such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), non-volatile RAM(NV-RAM), or the like, read only memory (ROM), another type of memory,or a combination thereof.

BIOS/EFI module 140, disk controller 150, and I/O interface 170 areconnected to chipset 110 via an I/O channel 112. An example of I/Ochannel 112 includes a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)interface, a PCI-Extended (PCI-X) interface, a high-speed PCI-Express(PCIe) interface, another industry standard or proprietary communicationinterface, or a combination thereof. Chipset 110 can also include one ormore other I/O interfaces, including an Industry Standard Architecture(ISA) interface, a Small Computer Serial Interface (SCSI) interface, anInter-Integrated Circuit (I²C) interface, a System Packet Interface(SPI), a Universal Serial Bus (USB), another interface, or a combinationthereof. BIOS/EFI module 140 includes BIOS/EFI code operable to detectresources within information handling system 100, to provide drivers forthe resources, initialize the resources, and access the resources.BIOS/EFI module 140 includes code that operates to detect resourceswithin information handling system 100, to provide drivers for theresources, to initialize the resources, and to access the resources.

Disk controller 150 includes a disk interface 152 that connects the disccontroller to a hard disk drive (HDD) 154, to an optical disk drive(ODD) 156, and to disk emulator 160. An example of disk interface 152includes an Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) interface, an AdvancedTechnology Attachment (ATA) such as a parallel ATA (PATA) interface or aserial ATA (SATA) interface, a SCSI interface, a USB interface, aproprietary interface, or a combination thereof. Disk emulator 160permits a solid-state drive 164 to be connected to information handlingsystem 100 via an external interface 162. An example of externalinterface 162 includes a USB interface, an IEEE 1134 (Firewire)interface, a proprietary interface, or a combination thereof.Alternatively, solid-state drive 164 can be disposed within informationhandling system 100.

I/O interface 170 includes a peripheral interface 172 that connects theI/O interface to an add-on resource 174 and to network interface 180.Peripheral interface 172 can be the same type of interface as I/Ochannel 112, or can be a different type of interface. As such, I/Ointerface 170 extends the capacity of I/O channel 112 when peripheralinterface 172 and the I/O channel are of the same type, and the I/Ointerface translates information from a format suitable to the I/Ochannel to a format suitable to the peripheral channel 172 when they areof a different type. Add-on resource 174 can include a data storagesystem, an additional graphics interface, a network interface card(NIC), a sound/video processing card, another add-on resource, or acombination thereof. Add-on resource 174 can be on a main circuit board,on separate circuit board or add-in card disposed within informationhandling system 100, a device that is external to the informationhandling system, or a combination thereof.

Network interface 180 represents a NIC disposed within informationhandling system 100, on a main circuit board of the information handlingsystem, integrated onto another component such as chipset 110, inanother suitable location, or a combination thereof. Network interfacedevice 180 includes network channels 182 and 184 that provide interfacesto devices that are external to information handling system 100. In aparticular embodiment, network channels 182 and 184 are of a differenttype than peripheral channel 172 and network interface 180 translatesinformation from a format suitable to the peripheral channel to a formatsuitable to external devices. An example of network channels 182 and 184includes InfiniBand channels, Fibre Channel channels, Gigabit Ethernetchannels, proprietary channel architectures, or a combination thereof.Network channels 182 and 184 can be connected to external networkresources (not illustrated). The network resource can include anotherinformation handling system, a data storage system, another network, agrid management system, another suitable resource, or a combinationthereof.

Collection and Analysis of Endpoint Forensic and Security Event Data

Many of todays targeted intrusions can involve advanced tools oradversaries that are using compromised credentials and system tools onlywithout using malware to execute their mission. Existing solutions focuson detection of malware, exploits, or indicators associated with malwarelike command and control IP addresses and domains. Because of this verynarrow focus, adversaries can bypass them leaving their targets blindand unaware of the threat to their sensitive systems and data.

FIG. 2 shows a system 200 for collection and analysis of endpointforensic and event data. System 200 includes a cloud service 202 andendpoints 204, 206, 208, 210, and 212. User 214 can interact with thesystem 200 through the cloud service 202. Endpoints 204, 206, 208, 210,and 212 can include various information handling systems, such asinformation handling system 100. Endpoints 204, 206, 208, 210, and 212can be configured for various purposes, such as a desktop or laptopcomputer, various servers, such as a web server, a database server, astorage server, an application server, or the like, and otherconfigurations of an information handling system.

In various embodiments, an endpoint agent can be operable on each ofendpoints 204, 206, 208, 210, and 212. The endpoint agent can gatherinformation including forensic and event data and send the data to cloudservice 202. The endpoint agent can be responsible for collecting bothforensic data and event data. The endpoint agent can provide acomprehensive interpreted programming language allowing the creation ofrich forensic inspection logic that enables the user to performinspections of all system areas, such as the file system, the registry,the memory, the system and event logs, kernel objects and othersub-components of the information handling system. The agent can alsorecord current system events such as process launches, network activity,persistence events, thread injections and authentication data. Themodularity of the system can provide flexibility in feature deploymentand also provides an extendable platform that allows for additionalcapabilities as new data types become necessary to detect adversaryactivity. Collecting both historic forensic artifacts and currentactivity can provide the data required by the cloud service to detectadversary behaviors and activity.

Cloud service 202 can perform an analysis of the information to identifyhacks, intrusions, malicious code, and other compromises of theendpoint. Further, by correlating data across multiple endpoints, cloudservice 202 can identify systematic attacks on network infrastructure.The cloud service 202 can focus on detection of known tacticalindicators that represent past instances of adversary activity,strategic classes of activity that represent entire classes of adversaryactivity and behavioral detections that focus on correlation of eventsand forensic data to detect adversary behaviors at all stages of theirintrusion cycle. Rather than rely on detection of malware, adversarytools and adversary infrastructure that can be identified through IPs,domains or network signatures, cloud service 202 can detect adversarieseven when there are no known detections for their malware and even whenthey are not using malware at all but are instead using compromisedcredentials and common system utilities. The detections in cloud service202 can focus on detection of adversary activity at all stages of theintrusion cycle including initial compromise, execution of malware,command and control, privilege escalation, credential theft and abuse,defensive evasion tactics, assessment and inventory of the environmentand available data, lateral movement and data collection, exfiltration,and the like. Because of the many way system 200 can observe theadversary and the necessity of multiple actions for an adversary toaccomplish their mission, system 200 can detect the adversary even ifthey evade some or even most of the detection tactics.

In various embodiments, user 214 can use a web interface of cloudservice 202 to configure the endpoint agents, as well as to performforensic analysis of one or more of endpoints 204, 206, 208, 210, and212. Instructions, configuration files, additional modules, or the likecan be sent from the cloud service to an endpoint agent. The endpointagent can perform the requested tasks, such as installing a new module,implement the new configuration, or perform the instructions. Anyresults of the task can be sent back to the cloud service andcommunicated to the user.

Endpoint Agent

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the architecture of the endpoint agent300. The endpoint agent 300 can include a process creation monitor 302,a persistent process monitor 304, a thread injection monitor 306, anetwork monitor 308, an event log monitor 318, an inspector 310 and acommunication engine 312.

The process creation monitor 302 can integrate with the operating system314 to intercept process creation events. In various embodiments, theprocess can be created in a suspended state by operating system 314. Theprocess creation monitor 302 can record the creation of the process, andmay make a determination that the process is malicious and instruct theoperating system 314 to terminate the process before the process isunsuspended. Alternatively, if the process is not determined to bemalicious, the operating system 314 can unsuspended the process and theprocess can operate normally.

The persistent process monitor 304 can integrates with the operatingsystem 314 to collect information on ways that malware may persist andchanges to that information. For example, the persistent process monitor304 can monitor scheduled tasks, driver events, windows registry,startup tasks, and the like to identify processes that will be launchedautomatically.

The thread injection monitor 306 can integrate with the operating system314 to intercept thread injection events, such as when a maliciousprocess creates a thread in another process. These events can be used toescalate privileges, access information that should remain hidden, andother malicious activities.

The network monitor 308 can integrate with the operating system 314 tocollect metadata on network traffic flows and the results from any DNSqueries made by the host.

The event log monitor 318 can integrate with the operating system 314 tomonitor various log entries, such as authentication events.

The inspector 310 can perform rules 316. These rules can detect specificknown malware behavior (tactical) and patterns of general malwarebehavior (strategic). The rules can be updated periodically through thecommunication engine 312.

The communication engine 312 can coordinate and update thesoftware/configuration of other components and communicatebidirectionally with the cloud service 202. The communication engine 312can install and updates services, programs and configuration for allcomponents. The communication engine 312 can update rules 316. Thecommunication engine 312 can receive and send data from the cloudservice 202 and to the other components of the endpoint agent 300. Invarious embodiments, the communication engine 312 can start or stopother components, such as the process creation monitor 302, thepersistent process monitor 304, the thread injection monitor 306, thenetwork monitor 308, and the inspector 310, as well as setting resourceutilization restrictions, such as memory, CPU, and disk restrictions forthe other components. In various embodiments, the communication engine312 can add or remove files, retrieve files, execute commands, add newmodules, enable or disable modules, and the like.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram showing a method of monitoring processcreation. At 402, the operating system can create and suspend a process.This may involve allocating memory resources to the process, loadingcode, and other tasks. The process can operating independently of theparent process that requested the new process to be created.

In various embodiments, a routine can intercept process creation,forcing the new process to wait for a response from the process creationmonitor. The process can be suspended until the response is received.

At 404, the process creation event can be logged, and at 406, a rulecheck can be performed for the process. The rule check can includereviewing information such as the identity of the parent process, a hashof the executable, the command line used for launching the process, acall stack, and the like. Based on the rule check, it can be determinedif the process should be allowed to continue, as shown at 408.

If the process is allowed to continue, such as when the rule check doesnot identify the process as malicious or compromised, the process can beunsuspended, as shown at 410. For example, the process creation monitorcan provide a response to the waiting process, allowing it to continue.

Alternatively, if the rule check identifies the process as malicious orcompromised, the process creation monitor may not provide the responseto the waiting process and may issue an instruction to the operatingsystem to kill the process instead, as shown at 412.

In various embodiments, it may be necessary to determine the executiontarget to understanding the nature of an event. In many cases, it maynot be the initial target of an execution that garners the mostinterest. For example, a command prompt or shell can often be used tostart a process. While the command prompt is a legitimate executablethat does not warrant much attention, it can be used to execute anotherbinary file that ultimately initiates the attack. If the event metadatais collected in a way that the information linked only to the commandprompt file, it may not trigger alerts.

Properly identifying both the program that initiated the execution (hostprogram) and the secondary target of the execution allows properassessment of the event. If the full target information can beidentified, this can allows internal tool to read the file, collectmetadata information, such as attributes, checksum values, or other filespecific information, that can be used for analysis of the file againstinternal or third-party annotation services that may have additionalcontext on the file.

Target determination can be important when attempting to understand andassess process execution or persistence events that use legitimatebinaries to launch illegitimate commands on a system. For many forensicanalysts, the appearance of a legitimate executable may not garner muchinterest. However identifying and processing the full command andidentify any subsequently affected files may help an analysts betterunderstand the effects of the command on the system.

This becomes especially important in attacks where the use of legitimatebinaries is the tool of choice to obfuscate activity on a system. In mycases, security tools may look at the execution of a binary as thesecurity event, and the subsequent target of the event is not properlylogged or analyzed. In order to properly assess an event, both theinitiator and the target need to be analyzed. In the case of a commandlike Windows PowerShell (powershell.exe), the tool can be used toexecute other programs or scripts. If the security tool attempts toassess an event like Windows PowerShell being executed on a system asthe “event”, they may miss the target of the PowerShell command, whichis actually a script used to perform the malicious activity.

Identifying the full command information and associated targets of acommand is integral to understanding the full impact of a command on asystem and will aid an analyst's ability to assess a threat outside ofthe initially affected binary.

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram showing a method of identifying persistentexecutables. At 502, the endpoint agent, such as through persistentprocess monitor 304, can scan for persistent executables, such as byinspecting persistence locations. Persistence locations can includeconfiguration files, registry entries, drivers, and other locationswhere an executable can be launched automatically. Executables can belaunched when the information handling system boots, when a user logsin, when certain trigger events occur, or similar circumstances. Thepersistent process monitor can identify all such executables that areconfigured to be automatically launched.

At 504, persistence events can be logged. This can include identifyingthe program to be automatically launched, the mechanism by which theprogram will be automatically launched, and other pertinent information.

At 506, the persistent process monitor can perform a rule check on theexecutable. At 508 a determination can be made, such as based on theresults of the rule check, as to allowing the executable to continue tobe automatically launched.

At 510, when an executable is determined to be allowed persistence, suchas when the rule check does not identify the executable as malicious orcompromised, the persistence entry can remain and the persistent processmonitor can monitor for additional persistence events, such as bymonitoring changes in the persistence locations, as indicated at 510.When additional events are identified, the persistent process monitorcan log the persistence events at 504.

Alternatively, when an executable is not allowed persistence, such aswhen the executable is identified by the rule check to be malicious orcompromised, the persistence entry can be removed, as indicated at 512.

In various embodiments, the persistent process monitor can maintain alist of persistent events that have been logged or reported to the cloudservice. When a new event is identified, the persistent process monitorcan compare the event to previously identified events and only reportnew events. For example, monitoring for additional persistence eventscan be trigger by a change in when or how an executable is triggered toautomatically launch. If the executable has already been logged,reporter, or otherwise determined allowable, it may not be necessary toreport the new event.

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of monitoring threadinjection. In various embodiments, one process may initiate a threadwithin another process. This mechanism may be used maliciously toescalate privileges, intercept plain text passwords or other clearinformation that would otherwise be encrypted, and other maliciousactivities.

At 602, the endpoint agent, such as through thread injection monitor306, can monitor new thread creation or thread injection, and at 604,remote thread injection event can be identified. Remote thread injectionevents can be identified by comparing the target process for the newthread with the creating process. When the target process and thecreating process are different, the new thread can be flagged as aremote thread injection event.

At 606, remote thread injection events can be logged, and, at 608, arule check can be performed. In various embodiments, logging of theremote thread injection event may include information about the sourceand target process, as well as a portion of the data stored at the startaddress of the thread. Logging may also include the path for any mappedmemory referenced by the start address. In various embodiments, the rulecheck can identify the process performing the remote thread injection,as well as the process being injected. In various embodiments, the rulecheck can include a set of protected processes for which no remotethread injection is allowable. Additionally, the rule check maydetermine, such as based on the process performing the remote threadinjection, the privileges of the injecting process and the injectedprocess, and other factors, if the remote thread injection should beallowed, as indicated at 610.

When the determination is made to allow the remote thread injection, thenew thread may be allowed to continue, as indicated at 612.Alternatively, when the determination is made not to allow the remotethread injection, such as when the injecting process is determined to bemalicious or compromised, the injected thread may be terminated, asindicated at 614. Additionally, it may be desirable to terminate theinjecting process to prevent further attempts at remote threadinjection.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating a process of monitoring networkconnections. At 702, the endpoint agent can monitor network connections,such as through the network monitor 308. In various embodiments, thenetwork monitor can monitor new TCP connections, DNS queries, UDPtraffic flows, and the like.

At 704, the network monitor can identify new connections, including bothincoming and outgoing connections. In various embodiments, the networkmonitor can track network flows, such as by a netflow ID. When a newnetwork flow is initiated, such as when the netflow ID does not match anetflow ID stored in a table of network flows, the network monitor canadd the new flow to a table.

Additionally, at 706, the network monitor can resolve hostnames andaddresses for new remote hosts. For example, the network monitor canmonitor domain name service (DNS) queries. Queries for new hosts (thosenot already cached by the operating system) can be recorded and timestamped. In particular embodiments, the network monitor can also performlookups for unknown hosts, such as by performing a reverse lookup of anIP address that is not mapped to a hostname.

At 708, new connections can be logged, and hostname resolution for theconnection can be recorded. In various embodiments, hostname resolutionmay differ over time or by location. For example, a load balancingservice provider may provide different IP address for a hostnameresolution in order to balance the load across multiple systems. Thus,the IP address provided may be different on a different system or at adifferent time. This can give rise to issues when trying to resolve ahostname at a later time. By tracking the new connection and thehostname resolution together, dynamically changing hostname resolutioncan be resolved correctly.

In some instances, the new flows and new DNS entries may be tagged asnot having been sent to the cloud service. Periodically, the endpointagent may send new flows (all flows tagged as not having been sent) tothe cloud service and update the tags to reflect they have been sent tothe cloud service. This may avoid sending duplicate entries to the cloudservice.

At 710, the network monitor can perform a rule check on the connectionand host. In various embodiments, attributes of a host or connection canbe compared to lists of attributes of known good or known bad hosts andconnections to identify connections or hosts that may be malicious.

At 712, a decision can be made regarding allowing the connection. If thedetermination is to allow the connection, the connection can be allowedto continue, as indicated at 714. Alternatively, if the connection isdetermined to be malicious or otherwise undesirable, the connection canbe redirected or ended.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of inspecting a systemfor forensic analysis. At 802, the endpoint agent can load or update aset of rules. In various embodiments, the rules can include a set ofinstructions to be performed during the analysis. For example, one rulemay identify the presence of malicious code based on a signature forthat malicious code, such as a specific mutex used to prevent multipleinfections or the malicious code from running multiple instances.

At 804, the endpoint agent, such as through the inspector 310, canperform the rules. In various embodiments, each rule can be executed andthe results logged, as indicated at 806.

In various embodiments, the endpoint agent can periodically update therules and perform additional scans of the system, such as by returningto 802.

FIG. 12 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of monitoring systemlogs, such as for authentication events. At 1202, the endpoint agent canload or update a set of log types, such as authentication types. Invarious embodiments, the set of log types can include a set ofauthentication types to be monitored. For example, attempts to log intothe system can be monitored, and certain patterns of behavior indicativeof a hacking attempt may be identified. Examples of such a behavior mayinclude repeated entry of an incorrect password for a user, entry ofincorrect passwords for a number of users within a short time frame orthe use of credentials from or to gain access to statistically anomaloussystems.

At 1204, the endpoint agent, such as through the log monitor 318, canreceive log events from OS 314. In various embodiments, each event canbe evaluated and the results logged, as indicated at 1206.

In various embodiments, the endpoint agent can periodically update thelog types and continue to monitor the logs of the system, such as byreturning to 1202.

FIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of communicating with acloud service, such as cloud service 202. At 902, the communicationsengine of the endpoint agent can receive logged events from themonitors, such as process creation monitor 302, persistent processmonitor 304, thread injection monitor 306, network monitor 308, andinspector 310. The information can be stored in a language-neutral,platform-neutral, extensible mechanism for serializing structured data,such as Google protocol buffers. The logged events data from the variousmonitors can be concatenated and serialized into the same buffer, asindicated at 904.

At 906, the communication engine can encrypt the concatenated data, suchas to prevent eavesdropping. In various embodiments, the data may alsobe cryptographically signed so that the cloud service has assurance thedata is not tampered with and the data is from the endpoint.

At 908, the communication engine can send the encrypted data to thecloud service. Additionally, at 910, the communication engine canreceive instructions from the cloud service. In various embodiments, theinstructions from the cloud service can be encrypted as well ascryptographically signed. Once received, and decrypted, the endpointagent can modify the monitors in accordance with the instructions fromthe cloud service, as indicated at 912. For example, the instructionsmay provide updated configurations, enable or disable one or moremonitors, require downloading of an updated version of one or more ofthe monitors, or the like.

In various embodiments, the endpoint agent can be located behind afirewall and require the use of a proxy to reach the cloud service. Thecommunication agent can access various operating system configurationfiles to determine proxy information that can be used to reach the cloudservice. In other embodiments, and in conjunction with the networkmonitor, the endpoint agent can identify proxy addresses, gateways, andnetwork paths being actively used by other processes for communicatingbeyond the firewall.

In various embodiments, the communication between the communicationengine and the cloud service can be over a protocol that is tolerant oflong delays between communications. For example, the informationhandling system running the endpoint agent may be offline, suspended,shutdown, or otherwise unreachable for a period of time. During thattime, the endpoint agent may store any logged events for latertransmission to the cloud service. When connectivity is restored, theendpoint agent can check in with the cloud service and send theaccumulated event log, as well as receive any pending instructions. Toaccomplish this, both the communication agent and the cloud service needto track what information needs to be sent (the new event logs in thecase of the communication agent and the instruction updates in the caseof the cloud service) and be able to quickly reauthenticate andreestablish a connection. Thus, the protocol can maintain stateinformation regarding the status last communication between the endpointagent and the cloud service without maintaining a stateful connectionbetween the two.

In various embodiments, the endpoint agent can monitor the activity onthe information handling system. The endpoint agent may suspend ordeprioritize one or more monitors in the event the information handlingsystem is overloaded. In particular embodiments, the endpoint agent canmonitor disk IO queue depth as an indicator of activity. When the queuedepth is large or growing, indicating the information handling system inperforming more reads or writes that the disk IO can handle, theendpoint may suspend one or more monitors to reduce demand on systemresources. Alternatively, when the queue depth is small or shrinking,indicating the disk IO can handle more reads or writes than arecurrently being, the endpoint agent can unsuspend any monitors that havebeen suspend.

In various embodiments, updates to the various monitors and engines canbe performed. Upon receipt of an update instruction, the instruction canbe acknowledge to prevent a failed or in-progress update from beingattempted again. The update can be downloaded, and then monitorprocesses can be stopped while new module binaries are installed. Inparticular embodiments, if an update to the communication engine isincluded, the updated communication engine can be stored as a newexecutable in an alternate location, such as commengine_new instead ofcommengine. The endpoint agent can be restarted with the old version ofthe communication engine. The old communication engine can launch achild process with the new version of the communication engine andmonitor the progress. The new version can establish a connection to thecloud service, and once the connection is established, move the oldexecutable to another location (such as commegine_old) and the newexecutable to the primary location (commengine). Once this is complete,both the over version and the new version can terminate and the newversion can be relaunched from the primary location. Additionally, whenan old executable is present, it can be deleted when the endpoint agentrestarts.

Cloud Service

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the architecture of the cloud service1000. The cloud service 1000 can include a communications engine 1002, apipeline and annotate engine 1004, a storage 1006, and a portal 1008.

The communication engine 1002 can authenticate connections from endpointagents, such as endpoint agent 300, and can handle communication withthe endpoint agents. The communication engine 1002 can route datareceived from endpoints to the appropriate pipeline handlers of thepipeline and annotate engine 1004. Additionally, the communicationengine 1002 can send software and configuration updates to theendpoints. In various embodiments, the communication engine 1002 cancommunicate with the endpoints over a modified HTTPS protocol usingGoogle protocol buffers.

The pipeline and annotate engine 1004 can include multiple pipelinehandlers 1010, 1012, 1014, and 1016 and annotators 1020, 1022, 1024, and1026.

There can be one or more pipeline handlers for each type of data that isreceived from the endpoint agents, such as logs from the processcreation monitor 302, persistent process monitor 304, thread injectionmonitor 306, network monitor 308, and inspector 310. When there aremultiple pipeline handlers for a specific type of data, they can be runsequentially.

Pipeline handlers can analyze and process the data, then can decide toperform actions, such as look up additional data from storage 1006,record data in storage 1006, and queue work for an annotator.

There can be annotators for each type of data that is received from theendpoint agents, such as logs from process creation monitor 302,persistent process monitor 304, thread injection monitor 306, networkmonitor 308, and inspector 310. Annotators can receive requests frompipeline handlers (which may or may not wait for a response), can runadditional computations/look up additional data and can then store theresults. For example, an annotator can send a hash of a file to a virussignature repository for comparison to known viruses, look up additionalinformation on a process and store results, and the like.

Storage 1006 can include multiple storage mechanisms 1030, 1032, 1034,and 1036. In various embodiments, the mechanisms can include an inmemory key/value store, a data store for long term storage that supportsquick full text searches, a distributed cloud storage to store filessuch as agent packages, a non-relational based primary data store forlong term storage, and the like.

Portal 1008 can be accessed by a user 1040 to interact with the system.Depending on the level of access provided to user 1040, user 1040 canconfigure/add endpoints, build or customize an installation for theendpoint, change and update inspector rules, run inspector rules toendpoints, and the like. Additionally, user 1040 can view the status ofendpoints, perform basic configuration of endpoints, download aninstallation to an information handling system, and report on and viewdata stored by pipeline handlers and annotators, such as information onprocesses, threads, persistence data (files, registry entries, scheduledtasks, and the like), results from inspector rules, and the like.

FIG. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method ofcommunicating with a endpoint agent, such as endpoint agent 300. At1102, the cloud service, such as through the communication engine 1002,can receive encrypted event information from an endpoint. At 1104, thecommunication engine can decrypt the event. Additionally, thecommunication engine may check a cryptographic signature to ensure thedata is unaltered and that the event information is from the endpointagent and not a malicious third party.

The communication engine can split concatenated events, as indicated at1106, and direct event information to the appropriate pipeline andannotator, as indicated at 1108.

As shown at 1110, the communication engine can receive configurationchanges, update directives, and other instructions for the endpoint,such as from the portal 1008. At 1112, the communication engine can sendthe configuration changes and other instructions to the endpoint. Invarious embodiments, the communication engine can encrypt andcryptographically sign the instructions prior to sending to theendpoint. Further, the communication engine can periodically sendupdated credentials and cryptographic keys to the endpoint, as well asrevoke old credentials, in order to minimize the risk from a maliciousactor cracking the cryptographic keys and posing as the endpoint or thecloud service.

In various embodiments, security events can be separated into static andunique components. Each security event, whether it is a processexecution event, thread injection, or file information, can have uniquecharacteristics that will only be represented in that event. This caninclude specific characteristics like timestamps, checksum values,paths, or other attributes to identify the event singularly. For manysecurity products, events are analyzed individually meaning that thecharacteristics of the event are always treated as unique. For someevents this can be sufficient for identifying threats or categorizingthe activity. However, a subset of the attributes of an event can beabstracted and compared to other events previously collected with thesame or similar attributes. The subset of information can includeattributes such as filenames, file paths, registry paths or values,command-line arguments, checksums, or other notable attributes togenerate a “static” (non-unique, but representative) value or hash. Whenthis subset information is abstracted from an event and compared to thesame subset of information from other events, it can be used to analyzesimilar events as a collective or through categorization, providingadditional analysis information such as category, event frequency andreferences to other similar events that may have occurred on the same orother systems. This information can be used to better understand wheresimilar events have been seen previously, as well as provide informationon how common or uncommon the event may be. This information can then beused to better assess whether the event is a threat outside ofindicators looking at the event individually.

Many security products can provide a mechanism to “scan” or perform asignature assessment of events, files, registry or other file systemareas on a computer. The process of “scanning” is a common mechanism forlooking for specific signatures. The signatures that are executed areoften only looking for simple indicators and alert and log the eventswhen they are identified. In various embodiments, the cloud service caninstruct endpoint agents to “scan” systems looking for known threats(tactical signatures), and can also provide a mechanism to periodicallyassess a system for activity related to security vulnerabilities,misconfigurations or otherwise unknown security threats (strategicsignatures). The information collected from either tactical or strategicsignatures can be collected and uploaded to the cloud service where itcan be assessed by one or more analysts.

Since the results of the “scans” are being periodically sent to thecloud service, and the endpoint agents are collecting information forknown, suspicious and otherwise general system activity, the informationfrom the “scans” can be used to assess the events over time. This allowsan analyst to identify new events, not previously seen events that areno longer present, and events that may have appeared more than oncethroughout the life of “scans” on the system. This level of differentialanalysis can allow an analyst to see the evolution of activity on asystem, and perform an assessment on events outside of a singularoccurrence. In addition, differential analysis can also providesadditional context to strategic alerts that may otherwise seem benign,but in the context of other correlated events has the context to performa proper assessment.

Differential analysis through periodic scans coupled with Static/Uniquedata analysis can allows for the correlation of events across aplurality of endpoint agents, and can perform assessment of the resultinformation across the different “scans” in which it was identifiedproviding additional data points and context to alerts that would not beavailable in a singular scan.

In various embodiments, rule sets can enable endpoint agent monitors andthe cloud service to categorize known good, known bad, and unknownevents. For example, a security update to various system components maybe identified as a known good event, whereas previously identifiedmalware can be identified as a known bad event. Known good and known badevents can be easily handled by the endpoint agent, either by allowingor disallowing the activity. On the other hand, when an unknown eventoccurs, the endpoint agent may be unable to act on the event based onpreexisting rules. The unknown events can be sent to the cloud serviceand flagged for further analysis. The cloud service can correlateunknown events with other events identified by other endpoints to aid inunderstanding the nature of the event. In particular embodiments, theevent data and the correlations with other events can be presented to ananalyst for further study. Once the nature of the event has beendetermined, updated rules sets can be propagated to the endpoints sothat similar events can be handled appropriately.

While the computer-readable medium is shown to be a single medium, theterm “computer-readable medium” includes a single medium or multiplemedia, such as a centralized or distributed database, and/or associatedcaches and servers that store one or more sets of instructions. The term“computer-readable medium” shall also include any medium that is capableof storing, encoding, or carrying a set of instructions for execution bya processor or that cause a computer system to perform any one or moreof the methods or operations disclosed herein.

In a particular non-limiting, exemplary embodiment, thecomputer-readable medium can include a solid-state memory such as amemory card or other package that houses one or more non-volatileread-only memories. Further, the computer-readable medium can be arandom access memory or other volatile re-writable memory. Additionally,the computer-readable medium can include a magneto-optical or opticalmedium, such as a disk or tapes or other storage device to storeinformation received via carrier wave signals such as a signalcommunicated over a transmission medium. Furthermore, a computerreadable medium can store information received from distributed networkresources such as from a cloud-based environment. A digital fileattachment to an e-mail or other self-contained information archive orset of archives may be considered a distribution medium that isequivalent to a tangible storage medium. Accordingly, the disclosure isconsidered to include any one or more of a computer-readable medium or adistribution medium and other equivalents and successor media, in whichdata or instructions may be stored.

In the embodiments described herein, an information handling systemincludes any instrumentality or aggregate of instrumentalities operableto compute, classify, process, transmit, receive, retrieve, originate,switch, store, display, manifest, detect, record, reproduce, handle, oruse any form of information, intelligence, or data for business,scientific, control, entertainment, or other purposes. For example, aninformation handling system can be a personal computer, a consumerelectronic device, a network server or storage device, a switch router,wireless router, or other network communication device, a networkconnected device (cellular telephone, tablet device, etc.), or any othersuitable device, and can vary in size, shape, performance, price, andfunctionality.

The information handling system can include memory (volatile (such asrandom-access memory, etc.), nonvolatile (read-only memory, flash memoryetc.) or any combination thereof), one or more processing resources,such as a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit(GPU), hardware or software control logic, or any combination thereof.Additional components of the information handling system can include oneor more storage devices, one or more communications ports forcommunicating with external devices, as well as, various input andoutput (I/O) devices, such as a keyboard, a mouse, a video/graphicdisplay, or any combination thereof. The information handling system canalso include one or more buses operable to transmit communicationsbetween the various hardware components. Portions of an informationhandling system may themselves be considered information handlingsystems.

When referred to as a “device,” a “module,” or the like, the embodimentsdescribed herein can be configured as hardware. For example, a portionof an information handling system device may be hardware such as, forexample, an integrated circuit (such as an Application SpecificIntegrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), astructured ASIC, or a device embedded on a larger chip), a card (such asa Peripheral Component Interface (PCI) card, a PCI-express card, aPersonal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) card,or other such expansion card), or a system (such as a motherboard, asystem-on-a-chip (SoC), or a stand-alone device).

The device or module can include software, including firmware embeddedat a device, such as a Pentium class or PowerPC™ brand processor, orother such device, or software capable of operating a relevantenvironment of the information handling system. The device or module canalso include a combination of the foregoing examples of hardware orsoftware. Note that an information handling system can include anintegrated circuit or a board-level product having portions thereof thatcan also be any combination of hardware and software.

Devices, modules, resources, or programs that are in communication withone another need not be in continuous communication with each other,unless expressly specified otherwise. In addition, devices, modules,resources, or programs that are in communication with one another cancommunicate directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries.

Although only a few exemplary embodiments have been described in detailherein, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that manymodifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments withoutmaterially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of theembodiments of the present disclosure. Accordingly, all suchmodifications are intended to be included within the scope of theembodiments of the present disclosure as defined in the followingclaims. In the claims, means-plus-function clauses are intended to coverthe structures described herein as performing the recited function andnot only structural equivalents, but also equivalent structures.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for analysis of forensic and event data,comprising: a communication engine configured to communicate with aplurality of endpoint agents, each endpoint agent operating on a clientinformation handling system to gather the forensic and event data; apipeline and annotate engine including: a plurality of pipeline handlerseach configured to analyze and process a specific type of forensic andevent data; a plurality of annotators each configured to processforensic and event data from a corresponding pipeline handler; a storagefor storing the forensic and event data from the endpoint agents, andfor storing results from the analysis and processing by the pipelinehandlers and the annotators; and a portal configured to provide aninterface for a user to configure the endpoint agents and to access thedata.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the communication engine isfurther configured to receive concatenated forensic and event data fromthe endpoint agents, split the concatenated forensic and event data, anddistribute the split forensic and event data to the plurality ofpipeline handlers according to event type.
 3. The system of claim 1,wherein the communication engine is further configured to authenticate aconnection from an endpoint agent.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein thecommunication engine is further configured to send software andconfiguration updates to the endpoints.
 5. The system of claim 1,wherein the storage includes at least two storage mechanisms selectedfrom an in memory key/value store, a data store supporting quick fulltext searches, a distributed cloud storage to store files, and anon-relational based primary data store.
 6. The system of claim 1,wherein the pipeline and annotate engine is configured to separateforensic and event data into static and unique components, and comparethe static components to other forensic and event data to determineevent frequency.
 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the pipeline andannotate engine is configured to compare events across multiple endpointagents.
 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the forensic and event dataincludes process creation data, persistent process data, threadinjection data, network connection data, memory pattern data, or anycombination thereof.
 9. A method comprising: receiving encryptedforensic and event data from one of a plurality of endpoint agents, eachendpoint agent operating on a client information handling system;decrypting the forensic and event data; splitting concatenated eventsfrom the forensic and event data to obtain individual events;identifying static and unique components of one of the individualevents; and comparing the static component to other events to determinea frequency of similar events.
 10. The method of claim 9, furthercomprising authenitcating a connection with an endpoint agent.
 11. Themethod of claim 9, further comprising receiving a configuration changefor an enpoint agent and sending a configuration update to the endpointagent.
 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising receiving periodicscans from an endpoint agent and identifying new events and patterns ofevents over time on the client information handling system.
 13. Themethod of claim 9, further comprising comparing events across multipleenpoint agents.
 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the forensic andevent data includes process creation data, persistent process data,thread injection data, network connection data, memory pattern data, orany combination thereof.
 15. A system comprising: a server configuredto: receive event data including process creation data, persistentprocess data, thread injection data, network connection data, memorypattern data, or any combination thereof; and analyze the event data todetect compromises of a remote system; and an endpoint agent operatingon the remote system and configured to: acquire event data; andcommunicate the event data to the server.
 16. The system of claim 15,wherein the endpoint agent is further configured to concatenate datafrom a plurality of events prior to communicating the event data to theserver, and the server is further configured to split the concatenateddata to recover the data for individual events.
 17. The system of claim15, wherein the service is further configured to identifying static andunique components for individual events.
 18. The system of claim 17,wherein the server is further configured to compare the staticcomponents to other event data to determine event frequency.
 19. Thesystem of claim 17, wherein the server is further configured to compareevents across multiple endpoint agents using the static component. 20.The system of claim 15, wherein the server is further configured to sendsoftware and configuration updates to the endpoint agent.